学习并发

1. 创建线程的方式

   • 继承Thread类创建

     • 已经继承的类无法使用

       public class ExtendThread extends Thread {
       
       }
       
       @Test
       void test1() {
           ExtendThread extendThread = new ExtendThread();
       		log.info("threadId:{}", extendThread.getId());
       		log.info("threadName:{}", extendThread.getName());
       		log.info("threadState:{}", extendThread.getState());
       		log.info("threadPriority:{}", extendThread.getPriority());
       }

   • 实现Runnable接口

     • 可以使用匿名对象来进行实现，减少代码

       @Test
       void test4(){
           Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
               System.out.println("lambda+匿名对象类");
           },"threadName");
           thread.start();
       }

   • 利用Callable和FutureTask创建

     • 异步？

   • 通过线程池创建

     • 减少线程创建、销毁时间

       private static ExecutorServicepool= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
       
       static class DemoThread implements Runnable{
           @SneakyThrows
           @Override
           public void run() {
               for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
       					log.info("execute times of runnable thread:{}",i);
               }
           }
       }
       
       static class ReturnableTask implements Callable<Long>{
           public Long call() throws Exception{
               long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
               for (int i = 0; i <10; i++) {
       					log.info("execute times of Callable Thread:{}",i);
               }
               long used = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
               return used;
           }
       }
       
       @Test
       public void test5() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
       		pool.execute(new DemoThread());
           // 无返回值
       
           Future future =pool.submit(new ReturnableTask());
           Long result = (Long) future.get();
       		log.info("异步的结果为：{}",result);
           // 有返回值
       }

2. 线程池

   1. 创建线程池

      1. 固定数量线程池

         1. ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

      2. 缓存线程池

         1. ExecutorService pool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

      3. 定时执行线程池

         1. ScheduledExecutorService pool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2);

      4. 线程池标准创建方式

         public class ThreadPoolExecutor{
             // 核心线程数，即使线程空闲（Idle），也不会回收；
             int corePoolSize;
         
             // 线程数的上限；
             int maximumPoolSize;
         
             // 线程最大空闲（Idle）时长
             long keepAliveTime;
         
             //单位？
             TimeUnit unit;
         
             // 任务的排队队列
             BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue;
         
             // 新线程的产生方式
             ThreadFactory threadFactory;
         
             // 拒绝策略
             RejectedExecutionHandler handler;
         }

   2. 向线程池提交的方式

      1. execute
         1. 只能接收Runnable类型的参数
         2. 没有返回值
         3. 不利于异常捕获
      2. submit
         1. 能接受Runnable 和 Callable
         2. 有返回值
         3. 可以通过返回的Future（异步执行实例）对象来进行异常捕获

   3. 线程工厂

   @Test
   public void test9() {
       ExecutorService my_pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2, new My_thread_factory());
   
       for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
           my_pool.execute(new Task());
       }
   pool.shutdown();
   }

3. 线程安全

   package com.example.jc_demo.ThreadTest;
   
   import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
   import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
   
   import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
   import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
   
   /**
    *@AUTHOR:gao_quansui
    *@USER:ASUS
    *@DATE:2022/10/13 - 15:43
    *@PROJECT_NAME:jc_demo
    */
   
   @Slf4j
   public class ThreadSecurity {
   
       private static intcount= 0;
   
       class increaseVariable implements Runnable {
           @Override
           public void run() {
               plus();
           }
       }
   
       // synchronized 关键字设置同步方法  为粗粒度  整个方法都保护为一个线程执行
       // 相反 synchronized 代码块为细粒度 只保证代码块中的被一个线程执行
       public synchronized void plus() {
   count++;
       }
   
       @Test
       public void test1() throws InterruptedException {
           ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(30);
           for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
               pool.submit(new increaseVariable());
           }
   
           Thread.sleep(500);
   
           pool.shutdown();
   
   log.info(String.valueOf(count));
       }
   
   }